About the Author.

Preface.

Acknowledgment.

1 Communication.

Introduction.

Perception.

Vision.

Audition.

Olfaction.

Horses.

Vocalizations.

Visual signals.

Tactile sense.

Olfactory signals.

Dogs.

Vocalizations.

Visual signals.

Olfactory signals.

Cats.

Vocalizations and audition.

Visual signals.

Olfactory signals.

Behavior Problems.

Clawing and scratching.

Pigs.

Vocalizations.

Visual signals.

Olfactory signals.

Cattle, Sheep, and Goats.

Vocalizations.

Visual signals.

Olfactory signals.

2 Aggression and Social Structure.

Introduction.

Categories of Aggression.

Social- or dominance-related aggression.

Territorial aggression.

Pain-induced aggression.

Fear-induced aggression.

Maternal aggression.

Predatory aggression.

The Biological Basis of Aggression.

Genetic factors: breed differences.

Environmental control of aggression.

Hormonal control of aggression.

Cattle.

Free-ranging cattle.

Confined cattle.

Clinical cases of aggression.

Sheep.

Free-ranging sheep.

Confined sheep.

Goats.

Free-ranging goats.

Confined goats.

Horses.

Free-ranging horses.

Domestic horses.

Types of aggression.

Grooming.

Clinical problems.

Pigs.

Free-ranging pigs.

Confined pigs.

Dogs.

Social behavior.

Determinants of dominance.

Clinical problems.

Cats.

Free-ranging cats.

Confined cats.

Clinical problems.

Interspecific aggression.

3 Biological Rhythms and Sleep.

Introduction.

High-Frequency Rhythms.

Ultradian Rhythms.

Circadian Rhythms.

Zeitgebers.

Examples of circadian rhythms.

Other Rhythms.

Annual Rhythms.

Types of sleep.

Patterns of Sleep and Activity in Domestic Animals.

Dogs.

Cats.

Elimination.

Pigs.

Horses.

Cattle.

Sheep.

Goats.

Clinical Problems.

Hyperactivity.

Narcolepsy.

Nocturnal wakefulness.

4 Sexual Behavior.

Introduction.

Physiological bases of sexual behavior.

Social and sexual experience.

The central nervous system and the control of sexual behavior.

Cattle.

The cow.

The bull.

Sheep.

The ewe.

The ram.

Goats.

Free-ranging goats.

The doe.

The buck.

Clinical problems.

Horses.

Free-ranging horses.

The mare.

The stallion.

Pigs.

The sow.

The boar.

Dogs.

The bitch.

The dog.

Cats.

Free-ranging cats.

The queen.

The tom.

5 Maternal Behavior.

Introduction: General Principles of Maternal Behavior.

Internal factors that elicit maternal behavior.

Learning.

Recognition of the young (individual signature vs. maternal labeling).

External factors that elicit maternal behavior.

Summary.

Pigs.

The free-ranging sow.

The group-housed sow.

The confined sow.

Nest building.

Parturition.

Nursing.

Mutual recognition.

Defensive reaction.

Weaning.

Clinical problems.

Sheep.

Parturition.

Behavior of the ewe toward the newborn lamb.

Acceptance of the lamb.

Weaning.

Clinical problems.

Goats.

Clinical problems.

Cattle.

Parturition.

Bonding.

Suckling.

Weaning.

Clinical problems.

Horses.

Parturition.

Postparturient behavior.

Suckling.

Weaning.

Mutual recognition.

Clinical problems.

Cats.

Parturition.

Suckling.

Teat order.

Homing and retrieval.

Communal nests.

Grooming.

Acceptance of kittens.

Clinical problems.

Dogs.

Parturition.

Suckling.

Licking.

Weaning.

Clinical problems.

6 Development of Behavior.

Introduction.

Dogs.

Critical or sensitive periods.

Neonatal period.

Transitional period.

Socialization.

Juvenile period.

Conclusions.

Neurological development.

Sleep.

Play.

Play fighting.

Sexual play.

Characteristics of play behavior.

Cats.

Sensitive periods.

Neurological development.

Sleep.

Play.

Play periods.

Predatory play.

Sexual play.

Relationships with humans.

Clinical problems.

Horses.

The foal’s first day.

The mare–foal bond.

Grazing.

Sleep.

Play.

Flehmen and snapping.

The juvenile period.

Pigs.

Sleep.

Teat order.

Feeding.

Play.

Elimination.

Relationships with humans.

Ruminants.

Lambs.

Kids.

Calves.

7 Learning.

Introduction.

Types of learning.

Formation and strengthening of a learned task.

Rewards.

Comparative Intelligence.

Methods of measurement.

Problems of cross-species comparison.

Episodic memory.

Summary.

Pigs.

Influences on porcine learning.

Operant conditioning.

Visual discrimination.

Effect of malnutrition on learning.

Theory of mind.

Effect of a barren environment on learning and memory.

Dogs.

Housebreaking.

Inferential reasoning by exclusion.

Geriatric cognitive dysfunction.

Cattle.

Operant conditioning.

Taste aversion.

Visual and auditory discrimination.

Effects of age.

Sheep and Goats.

Horses.

Operant conditioning.

Visual discrimination.

Maze learning.

Observational learning.

Influences on learning.

Cats.

Discrimination.

Rewards.

Conceptual learning.

Imitation and observation.

8 Ingestive Behavior: Food and Water Intake.

Introduction.

General.

Control of Food Intake in Pigs.

Meal patterns.

Social facilitation.

Environmental temperature.

Gastrointestinal factors.

Hormonal effect.

Feeding at parturition.

Imbalance of dietary amino acids.

Glucose utilization.

Defense of body weight.

Integration of factors that stimulate and inhibit intake in the central nervous system.

Clinical problems.

Control of Food Intake in Dogs.

Meal patterns.

Social facilitation.

Palatability.

Environmental temperature.

Gastrointestinal factors.

Hormonal effect.

Glucose utilization.

Defense of body weight.

Integration of factors that stimulate and inhibit intake in the central nervous system.

Clinical problems.

Control of Food Intake in Cats.

Meal patterns.

Social facilitation.

Palatability.

Environmental temperature.

Gastrointestinal factors.

Hormonal effects.

Glucose utilization.

Defense of body weight.

Opiates.

Clinical problems.

Control of Food Intake in Horses.

Meal patterns.

Social facilitation.

Palatability.

Grazing.

Gastrointestinal factors.

Central nervous system depressants.

Defense of body weight.

Control of Food Intake in Cattle.

Meal patterns.

Social facilitation.

Palatability.

Grazing and selectivity.

Environmental temperature.

Estrogen level.

Rumen fill and the products of rumen fermentation.

Humoral and central neural factors.

Defense of body weight.

Clinical problems.

Control of Food Intake in Sheep.

Meal patterns.

Social facilitation.

Palatability.

Defense of body weight.

Rumen factors.

Intestinal receptors.

Grazing and selectivity.

Environmental temperature.

Hormonal factors.

Glucose utilization.

Central neural mechanisms.

Control of Food Intake in Goats.

Meal patterns and grazing.

Water Intake.

Increase in osmotic pressure.

Angiotensin.

Dry mouth.

Multiple causes of thirst.

Specific Hungers and Salt Appetite.

9 Miscellaneous Behavioral Disorders.

Dogs.

Separation anxiety.

Cats.

Destructiveness.

Self-mutilation.

Withdrawal.

Horses.

Behavior problems in the stable.

Trailering problems.

Behavior problems under saddle.

Phobias.

Behavior-related problems.

Physiologically based problems.

Cattle and Other Farm Animals.

Cattle.

Problems related to changes in management.

Feed throwing.

Kicking.

Problems related to environment.

Pigs.

Sheep and Goats.

10 Behavioral Genetics.

Dogs.

Sex differences.

Breed differences.

Behavior problems.

Horses.

Cattle.

Breed differences.

Sheep.

Social behavior.

Maternal behavior.

Pigs.

Breed differences.

Temperament Tests.

Canine temperament.

Porcine temperament test.

Bovine temperament tests.

Ovine temperament tests.

Caprine temperament.

Feline temperament test.

Equine temperament tests.

Laterality or Handedness in Animals.

Horse.

Cattle.

Dog.

Hair whorls.

References.

Index.